Seabirds

Identify the most common species of our seafaring friends!

Black-headed Gulls

Description: A medium-sized gull with a white body, dark gray wings, and a distinct chocolate-brown hood (only present in breeding adults).

Habitat: Commonly found near inland water bodies, lakes, rivers, and coastal areas throughout the United Kingdom.

Size: Approximately 38-44 cm in length, with a wingspan of about 94-105 cm.

Population: Widespread and abundant, black-headed gulls are a familiar sight across the UK.

Diet: Omnivorous, black-headed gulls feed on a varied diet, including insects, small fish, aquatic invertebrates, and scavenged food.

Brown Headed Gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus, Pangong, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Herring Gull

Description: A large gull with a white body, pale gray wings, and distinctive yellow legs and bill. Adults have a characteristic gray mantle.

Habitat: Commonly found along coastlines, estuaries, and inland water bodies throughout the United Kingdom.

Size: Approximately 55-66 cm in length, with a wingspan of about 125-155 cm.

Population: Widespread and abundant, herring gulls are a familiar sight in coastal areas and urban environments.

Diet: Opportunistic and omnivorous, herring gulls feed on fish, shellfish, small mammals, scavenged food, and human leftovers.

Herring gulls, Laridae, on the beach

Great Black-Backed Gull

Description: An imposing coastal seabird with striking black wings and back, contrasting with white plumage.

Species Name: Larus marinus

Habitat: Found along coastlines, rocky shores, cliffs, and offshore islands, occasionally venturing inland.

Size: Among the largest gulls, with a wingspan up to 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) and a length of about 68-79 centimeters (27-31 inches).

Population: They are relatively common and have stable populations, with thousands of breeding pairs in the UK.

Great Black-backed Gull

Gannet

Description: Majestic seabird with a brilliant white body, long wings, and striking yellow head, often seen diving into the sea for fish.

Species Name: Morus bassanus

Habitat: Primarily found on offshore islands and cliffs in the North Atlantic Ocean, with notable colonies in the UK, particularly in Scotland.

Size: Impressive in size with a wingspan of up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) and a length of about 81-110 centimeters (32-43 inches).

Population: Northern Gannets are a conservation success story, with substantial and stable populations in the UK, particularly in places like Bass Rock, where over 150,000 pairs nest.

Australasian gannet (Morus serrator). Black Reef Gannet Colony. Cape Kidnappers Gannet Reserve. North Island. New Zealand.

Lesser black-backed Gull

Description: The Lesser Black-Backed Gull is a majestic coastal bird with a distinctive appearance, featuring dark gray to black wings, a white body, and a striking yellow bill.

Species Name: Larus fuscus

Habitat: These adaptable gulls are primarily found along coastlines, on offshore islands, and in urban areas. Notably, they can thrive in diverse habitats, making them highly adaptable.

Size: Impressively sized, with a wingspan reaching up to 1.3 meters (4.3 feet).

Diet: Lesser Black-Backed Gulls are opportunistic feeders with a diverse diet that includes fish, invertebrates, scavenged food, and occasional small mammals and birds.

Population: Lesser Black-Backed Gulls have established substantial and stable populations, with notable colonies in the UK. 

Slightly smaller than a herring gull, the lesser black-backed gull has a dark grey to black back and wings, yellow bill and yellow legs. Their world population is found entirely in Europe.

Puffin

Description: The Atlantic Puffin is a charming seabird known for colorful bill, striking orange feet, and black and white plumage.

Species Name: Fratercula arctica

Habitat: Coastal cliffs and offshore islands in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Size: Despite their small size, they have a distinctive presence with a height of about 28-34 centimeters.

Diet: Puffins are skilled divers and primarily feed on fish, particularly species like sand eels and herring. Their beaks are adapted for carrying multiple fish at once.

Population: Atlantic Puffins are highly gregarious and form large colonies during the breeding season. While some colonies have faced conservation concerns due to habitat degradation and overfishing of their prey, they remain a well-known and cherished species in the North Atlantic.

Puffin on rocky coastline of the Farne Islands/Puffin/Atlantic Puffin (Alca Arctica)

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